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Known after effects of covid 1912/10/2023 Luiza’s systematic review showed that the frequency of long-term COVID-19 in the acute phase or 3–24 weeks after discharge ranged from 4.7% to 80%. Statistics from Altea (a network for sharing evidence-based information on the long-term effects of COVID-19) showed that around a quarter of people who have had COVID-19 continue to experience symptoms for at least a month, and one in 10 are still unwell after 12 weeks. However, the prevalence of long COVID-19 is not the same in current studies due to the different research methods, but it seems to be significant. The post-COVID-19 condition, also known as long COVID-19, has become an important target for research and clinical practice. On 6 October 2021, the WHO developed a clinical case definition of the post-COVID-19 condition by Delphi consensus: the post-COVID-19 condition occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, usually 3 months from the onset, with symptoms that last for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. While the majority of patients recover from COVID-19, for a significant number of people, the virus poses a range of serious long-term effects or complications, regardless if they are men or women, hospitalized or not, young or old, or even children. However, the natural history, clinical course, and long-term effects are still not fully understood. Reported to the World Health Organization (WHO), globally, as of 5 April 2022, there have been more than 490 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including more than 6 million deaths. Our findings suggest a significant long-term impact on health and quality of life due to COVID-19, and as waves of ASRS-CoV-2 infections emerge, the long-term effects of COVID-19 will not only increase the difficulty of care for COVID-19 survivors and the setting of public health policy but also might lead to another public health crisis following the current pandemic, which would also increase the global long-term burden of disease.Ĭaused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently still the greatest global public health challenge. Anxiety and depression (PP 6–12 m = 33.49%, PP ≥ 12 m = 35.40%) and pain or discomfort (PP 6–12 m = 33.26%, PP ≥ 12 m = 35.31%) were the most common problems that affected patients’ quality of life. Abnormal computerized tomography (CT PP 6–12 m = 55.68%, PP ≥ 12 m = 43.76%) and lung diffuse function impairment, i.e., a carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) of < 80% were common (PP 6–12 m = 49.10%, PP ≥ 12 m = 31.80%). The most common symptoms were fatigue or muscle weakness (PP 6–12 m = 54.21%, PP ≥ 12 m = 34.22%) and mild dyspnea (Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale, mMRC = 0, PP 6–12 m = 74.60%, PP ≥ 12 m = 80.64%). Of the patients, 63.87% had at least one consequence at the 6 month follow-up, which decreased to 58.89% at 12 months. A total of 40 studies involving 10,945 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale was used to assess the quality of the included cohort studies. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used to evaluate the Pooled Prevalence (PP) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of long-term consequences. We searched relevant observational cohort studies up to 9 February 2022 in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. We aimed to review the data available to evaluate the long-term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at 6 months and above.
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